One major characteristic of reptiles is the presence of scales composed of a protein called keratin. These scales form a waterproof barrier of skin, which allows reptiles to exist away from water without the threat of dehydration. Another characteristic is the regulation of internal body temperature by the external absorption of heat. Thus, reptiles are ectothermic. Unlike endothermic creatures, which must use calories from food to regulate body temperature, reptiles don't require much food to maintain body temperature and survive.
Reproductively, they can lay eggs on land due to the development of a protective shell around the egg. However, these eggs must be fertilized inside the female before the shell forms.
The reptilia class can be divided into four main orders: squamata, chelonia, crocodilia and sphenodontia.
Squamata (includes lizards and snakes)
- Lizards outnumber all other reptiles. They are generally small and very diverse.
- Snakes are closely related to lizards. They can detect vibrations, and some can sense changes in temperature.
- Turtles have a hard protective shell. Most live on land or must return to land to lay their eggs.
- These creatures live mostly in the water and are generally the largest of the reptiles.
- Tuatara are lizard-like creatures with crest of spiny scales that extend down their back. They are native to New Zealand, and the two remaining species of tuatara are the sole descendants of ancient reptiles from their order.
As you can see, reptiles are truly fascinating creatures. Some inspire awe with their enormous size and powerful jaws, while others are said to be living fossils. This leaves us with one interesting question, do reptiles really cry crocodile tears? The answer may surprise you.
