How Stem Cells Transform Into Tissue

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Credit: Michael T. Yang (University of Pennsylvania)

How do stem cells know what type of tissue to become? By studying stem cell mechanics, researchers from the University of Michigan are now able to determine in only a day, which type of cell a stem cell will develop into. Stem cells have the ability to differentiate or transform into other types of cells. The researchers discovered that stem cell mechanics, the forces cells exert on the substances to which they are attached, play a crucial role in stem cell differentiation.

In the study, adult human mesenchymal stem cells were cultured on a new type of stem cell scaffold or matrix. The matrix allowed for adjustments to be made to its stiffness while leaving its chemical composition intact. It was discovered that mesenchymal stem cells grown on a stiffer matrix develop into bone cells, while those grown on a more flexible matrix develop into fat cells. Mesenchymal stem cells are normally found in connective tissues such as bone marrow and fat.

Learn more about this study:

• New Insights Into How Stem Cells Determine What Tissue to Become Science Daily